「China」这个单词首字母大写时，含义是「中国」，而首字母小写时，含义是「瓷器」。Capitalize the first letter in the word "China", the meaning is "Chinese", and the first letters lowercase, meaning is "China".陶瓷最初的称呼是「Chinaware」，直译为：中国瓦。后来省略ware ，小写首字母，简称瓷器为china。Are the first call to the ceramic "Chinaware", that tile in China. Then omit ware, lowercase letter, referred to as "China to China.作为瓷器的故乡，古老神秘的中国与这种高贵而珍奇的手工艺，有着密不可分的联系。As the home of porcelain, ancient and mysterious Chinese with the noble and exotic crafts, of the intimate contact.青花瓷又称白地青花瓷，常简称青花，中华陶瓷烧制工艺的珍品。Blue and white, blue and white porcelain is also called the white ground blue and white porcelain, often referred to as "treasures of Chinese ceramic firing technology.Is one of the mainstream varieties of Chinese porcelain, is a under glaze color porcelain.青花瓷是用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料，在陶瓷坯体上描绘纹饰，再罩上一层透明釉，经高温还原焰一次烧成。Blue and white porcelain is made with cobalt oxide cobalt ore as raw material, on the ceramic body paint decoration, to cover a layer of transparent glaze by the high temperature reducing flame burning at a time.As the human Chinese windCalled blue and white porcelainChinese blue and white porcelain originated in the tang dynasty, song dynasty to develop slowly, implements rarely handed down from ancient times.元青花瓷趋向老练，尤以江西景德镇最为精巧，有必定数量的青花瓷器传世，变成今日国际各大博物馆的珍藏品与各种拍卖会上的抢手货。Yuan blue and white porcelain to sophisticated, especially in jingdezhen in jiangxi province is most exquisite, some have the number of blue and white porcelain handed down from ancient times, become the major international museum treasures today with the demand of various kinds of auction.明代是顶峰时期，无论景德镇官窑，还是各地民窑，都有很多精巧传世佳作。此时的青花瓷，一向被视为是中国青花瓷的模范，为后世所追仿。In the Ming dynasty is the peak period, regardless of the jingdezhen kiln, kiln, or around people have many exquisite handed down from ancient times. At this time of the blue and white porcelain, has always been regarded as a model of Chinese blue and white porcelain, chasing imitation by later generations.特别是永乐、宣德和成化、嘉靖及万历年间官窑烧制的青花瓷，以其胎釉精密、青色淡雅、外型多样、装修丰厚而著称于世。Especially the yongle, XuanDeHe chenghua jiajing and wanli period of the imperial kilns, blue and white porcelain, with its embryo glaze precision, cyan quietly elegant, variety, decorate a rich and famous throughout the world.清代，康熙、雍正、乾隆三代皇帝对瓷器的出产工艺、胎釉质地、画面装修都非常关注，乃至到了事必躬亲的地步，使清代青花瓷的制造技艺水平到达一个新的高度。In the qing dynasty, emperor kangxi, yongzheng and qianlong three generations of the produce process of porcelain, foetus enamel, images are extremely concerned about decorating, and even to the point of hands-on, the qing dynasty blue and white porcelain manufacture skill level to reach a new level.此时，釉里红、三彩、五彩、斗彩、珐琅同样竞相发展。At this point, youligong, three-color, colorful, color bucket, enamel also compete to development.鸦片战争爆发后，清朝逐渐衰落。无力发展瓷器这种与国家无益的手工业。西方各国殖民主义与市场将此大力推向工业化。自此，中国制瓷技术走向衰落。After the outbreak of the opium war, the qing dynasty gradually decline. Can the development of porcelain and unprofitable manufacturing country. Western colonialism and market vigorously to industrialization. Since then, China's porcelain making technology into decline.当今亚洲最顶尖的瓷器，并不出产于中国。而是来自于「先天不足」的日本。Today's Asia's top China, is not produced in China. But from "congenitally deficient" of Japan.中国元代技术成熟后，青花瓷大量外销，引世界轰动。日本贵族和武士仰慕之余，责令六古窑中唯一能生产釉陶的濑户窑仿制。After China's yuan dynasty mature technology, a large number of export of blue and white porcelain, lead the world. Japanese aristocrats and warrior admire, ordered six ancient kiln in the only seto to production of glazed pottery kiln imitation.But as a result of not mastered Chinese porcelain making, repeatedly try mandatory self-censorship.当时交通不发达，要直接从中国引入造瓷技术并非易事。At that time, traffic developed, directly from China to introduce the technique of porcelain making is not an easy task.朝鲜半岛与中国国土相连，是最早掌握中国制瓷技术的亚洲国家，半岛最南端与日本九州仅200公里左右的距离，可谓一条间接获取中国高新技术的捷径。The Korean peninsula and China's land are linked together, is among the first Asian country to grasp Chinese porcelain making technology, peninsula the most south end and kyushu is only 200 km distance, is a shortcut to indirect access to China's high and new technology.十六世纪末，日本武将丰臣秀吉，以借道朝鲜远征中国被朝鲜李王拒绝为由，于1592年出兵朝鲜，发动「陶瓷战争」，掠回大批陶工，并在以九州为中心的唐津、上野、高取、萨摩、萩等处建窑场，以期改变日本有陶无瓷的窘境。Was the 16th century, the Japanese military commanders to pass through north Korean expedition to China by a north Korean Li Wang refused on the grounds that in north Korea in 1592, launched a war "ceramic", swept back to the large number of potters, and kyushu centered karatsu, ueno, high extraction, samoyed, best place to build kilns, in order to change the situation of Japan have no porcelain clay.1616年，朝鲜陶工李参平在九州滋贺县有田町的泉山发现白瓷矿，为日本烧制出第一批青花瓷。因装饰效果如同蓝印花布，故取名「染付」。In 1616, north Korea potter Li Can flat in kyushu zi tian, county and town of spring hill found that white porcelain mine, as the first batch of blue and white porcelain firing in Japan. Because the adornment effect as blue calico named "pay".虽所用青料呈色不够亮丽，但经初代陶工酒井田柿右卫门精心调配出另类的米汤色白地，有效降低了纹饰与坯地之间的对比度，不仅掩饰了技术上的缺陷，反而营造出一种温润氛围。Is used green color is not bright, but the original potters field persimmon sakai right-back door pesto alternative m looked down, effectively reduce the grain and the contrast between the billet, not only cover the technical defects, instead, create a warm atmosphere.其恬淡闲适的优雅情趣，与日本人崇尚的淡泊心境极为契合，以至立刻风靡全国。这就是日本人引以为豪的「早期伊万里染付」。The serene leisurely and elegant temperament, Japanese advocation of indifferent state of mind is very fit, and swept the country immediately. This is the pride of the Japanese "Ivan in dye pay early.最初的伊万里青花纹饰制作工艺，是借用中国明代流传下来最古老、最简易的「吹墨法」。Initial Ivan in blue and white grain production process, is to borrow in the Ming dynasty of China and is the oldest, the most simple and easy "many".Reference the Chinese blue and white pattern, and composition is simplified as much as possible.无论山水纹、动植物纹，虽均以中国青花为参照系，但大多笔调粗放，画法写意，构图疏朗，点到即止。Regardless of the landscape, animal or plant lines, although all is a frame of reference to the Chinese blue and white, but most of the rough style, painting freehand brushwork in traditional Chinese painting, the composition is shu lang, points to.对于当时青料匮乏、瓷绘技巧尚且稚嫩的日本瓷业，与其说这种过分简约的手法出于画工们的无奈，毋宁说不愧为一项顺应逆境的聪明之举。For the lack of green material, still young Japanese ceramics, porcelain painting skills rather than the contracted gimmick for painters have too much helpless, rather deserves to be a wise adapt to adversity.今日日本的制瓷在中国智慧上茁壮成长，风格已占据世界一席之地。Today's Japanese porcelain making thrive on Chinese wisdom, style has dominated the world.明代，欧洲对中国青花瓷需求达到高峰。景德镇出口贸易兴旺发达，订单应接不暇，以致官窑难以消化，必须动员民窑合力完成。At its peak in the Ming dynasty, the European demand for Chinese blue and white porcelain. Jingdezhen export trade to flourish, inundated with orders, so that the kiln is difficult to digest, to mobilize the people of the kiln.一艘艘远洋货轮通过海上丝绸之路源源不断地把贵如黄金的中国青花瓷器运往欧洲。Al hadd ocean-going freighter through continuously maritime silk road of the Chinese blue and white porcelain, such as gold to Europe.1602年，葡萄牙圣地亚哥号商船满载万历窑大小瓷盘42箱于运输途中被西班牙掠走；两年后，西班牙又从一艘葡萄牙卡蒂尼娜号商船截获60吨万历窑烧制的青花瓷。世界对中国青花瓷的渴求由此可见一斑。San Diego in 1602, Portugal merchant ship loaded with wanli porcelain kiln size 42 cases in transit by the Spanish dismantling; Two years later, the Spanish and from a Portuguese Katie Nina merchant ship seized 60 tons of wanli blue and white porcelain kiln firing. The world's thirst for Chinese blue and white porcelain.明末中国动乱，加之清朝闭关锁国。欧洲人对于中国瓷器的狂热难以得到满足。商人把眼光聚集日本。然而日本技术不成熟且资源匮乏，产量不足。于是，欧洲工匠开始卯足了心思研究瓷器手艺。Unrest in China during the late of Ming dynasty, together with the qing dynasty is closed. The European people's enthusiasm for Chinese porcelain is difficult to satisfy. Businessmen look gathered in Japan. However, Japanese technology is not mature and resource scarcity, lack of production. So, the European artisans began to muster all the porcelain craft thought research.18世纪，一位科学家探索出了制瓷工艺，瓷厂应运而生。随着工业间谍介入，制瓷工艺传遍欧洲。The 18th century, a scientist to discover the porcelain making technology, porcelain industry arises at the historic moment. As industrial espionage intervention, porcelain making technology spread throughout Europe.至19世纪初，德、英、法、意等国分别运用不同配方制造出自己的瓷器品种，一时在欧洲，制瓷厂遍地开花。To the 19th century, Germany, Britain, France, Italy and other countries use different recipes to create their own porcelain varieties, at that time in Europe, making porcelain industry.早期时，西方人对中国瓷器有种「崇洋媚外」的心态，因此也出现大量的「山寨」。Early, westerners to Chinese porcelain has a "...... "point of view, therefore, there is a lot of" shanzhai ".而随着西方的崛起，他们对于自身文明程度的提升与自信。欧洲瓷器逐渐走出自己的道路，无论技术和风格，都大有进展。As the rise of the west, their ascension and confident about their own civilization degree. European porcelain was gradually out of his way, regardless of the technology and style, are improved greatly.如今三个世纪的传承，高档瓷器的制作已经在欧洲成为一门严谨的技术。Now three centuries of tradition, the production of high-grade porcelain has become a rigorous technology in Europe.例如德国瓷器每一位彩绘和造型师，都必须经过数十年的艺术与技术的培养，能在每件创作上融入不同时期的艺术风格。Such as Germany every painted porcelain and stylist, have to go through the cultivation of the decades of art and technology, can blend in different periods on each piece of creative art style.
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